Test 2 Study Guide

Women Artists in History

Study Guide (Test 2)

Chapter 5-9

Slide Identification

Rococo

• Rosalba Carriera, Self-Portrait as Winter (1731)
• Elisabeth Vigée le Brun, Marie Antoinette and Her Children (1787)

Reaction to Rococo (18th Century Naturalism)

• Elisabeth Vigée le Brun, Self Portrait (1790)
• Adelaide Labille-Guiard, Self-Portrait with Two Pupils (1785)
• Anne Vallayer-Coster, Allegory of the Visual Arts (1769)

Neoclassicism  

• Angelica Kauffmann, Cornelia Presenting Her Children As Her Treasures (c. 1758)
• Angelica Kauffmann, Self-Portrait Hesitating Between the Arts of Music and Painting (1791)
• Harriet Hosmer, Zenobia in Chains (1859)
• Edmonia Lewis, Forever Free (1867)
• Edmonia Lewis, The Death of Cleopatra (1876)
• Sophia Hayden, Woman’s Building at the World’s Columbian Exposition (1893)

Victorian England

• Anna Blunden, The Seamstress (1854)
• Emily Mary Osborn, Nameless and Friendless (1857)
• Alice Walker, Wounded Feelings (1861)
• Anna Lea Merritt, War (1883)
• Edith Hayllar, Feeding the Swans (1889)

American Folk Art

• Harriet Powers, Pictorial Quilt (c. 1888-1895)

Realism

• Rosa Bonheur, The Horse Fair (1855)
• Elizabeth Thompson (Lady Butler), Calling the Roll After an Engagement, Crimea (1874)
• Vinnie Ream Hoxie, Abraham Lincoln (1871)
• Susan MacDowell Eakins, Portrait of Thomas Eakins (1889)
• Frances Benjamin Johnson, Self-Portrait (c. 1896)
• Alice Barber Stephens, The Woman in Business (1897)

Romanticism

• Elisabet Ney, Lady Macbeth (1905)

Impressionism

• Berthe Morisot, Mother and Sister of the Artist (1870)
• Berthe Morisot, Psyche (1876)
• Mary Cassatt, A Cup of Tea (c. 1880)
• Mary Cassatt, In the Loge (Woman in Black at the Opera) (1880)
• Mary Cassatt, Reading Le Figaro (1883)

Short Answer

1. Which genre of painting was the highest in the hierarchy of genres established in the 17th century?
2. Describe the Rococo style.
3. What artistic medium did Rosalba Carriera explore and help to popularize?
4. What major obstacle stood between women artists and history painting?
5. Angelica Kauffmann was instrumental in the popularization of which style in Britain?
6. Why did Elisabeth Vigée-Lebrun leave France in 1789?
7. What is the Cult of True Womanhood?
8. What is one of the positive aspects of the separation of the sexes for women in the Victorian period?
9. Laura Herford was the first female student to attend the Royal Academy School in England. How did she gain admittance?
10. How did the Royal Academy School arrange for its first female students to study anatomy?
11. How did critics tend to characterize the works of Lady Butler?
12. Many American women artists in the 19th century (such as Harriet Hosmer and Lilly Martin Spencer) came from families that were involved in what kinds of social movements? Why?
13. How did Harriet Hosmer achieve financial success through sculpture?
14. How did Vinnie Ream Hoxie’s beauty and charm serve as both an advantage and a disadvantage in her career?
15. What was a major problem with the exhibition of the works of women artists in the Women’s Pavilion at the 1876 Philadelphia Centennial Exposition?
16. What was the first stylistically radical art movement in which women were involved? Why did this style appeal to women artists?
17. What was the traditional division of labour between the sexes in the commercial production of painted pottery and textiles?
18. Describe William Morris’s beliefs regarding sexual division of labour. Describe the reality of the division of labour in the British Arts and Crafts Movement, which he championed.
19. Describe the characteristics of the New Woman.